“The holes on a golf course have to be found, and the land in its natural state used to is best advantage. Nature can always beat the handiwork of man, and to achieve the best and most satisfactory results in laying out a golf course, you must humor nature.” WILLIE PARK JR.

By Lee Pace

The men who have come to Pinehurst throughout more than a century to find golf holes amidst the sandy, rolling terrain have humored and nurtured the ground with infinite skill, passion and creativity.

Millions of years ago, the Atlantic Ocean covered what is now dry land along the East Coast. During the Miocene Epoch, the ocean receded and left a strip of what is now ancient coastline and beach deposits. Pinehurst and the area known as the Sandhills are part of that band some 30 miles across and 80 miles long, and when a Scotsman schooled in golf instruction, green keeping and club-making arrived in Pinehurst in 1900, he found a comforting parallel with the land and the “Home of Golf” in St. Andrews.

Donald Ross would evolve into a full-time golf course architect and create Pinehurst golf in the Caledonian image he knew so well — firm ground, plenty of width to play bold or safe and intricate green surrounds to test the player’s short game.

“He was particularly attracted to the soil conditions here, as they reminded him of the old links land at home,” said Richard Tufts of the Pinehurst founding family. “Even our native wire grass seemed to remind him of the whins he knew in Scotland.”

Ross designed and built four courses at Pinehurst Resort & Country Club by 1919, and the No. 2 course which reached its final configuration in 1935 was then and remains one of the most revered layouts in the world. No. 2 has been the venue for three U.S. Opens, one U.S Women’s Open, one PGA Championship, one Ryder Cup and three U.S. Amateurs, with many more national championships to come. He also designed Southern Pines Golf Club, Mid Pines and Pine Needles.

And alongside Ross most of the way was a member of the Maples family, and members of that family tree have had a hand in the design of multiple courses in the Sandhills.

James Maples Jr. was born in 1856 in Pinehurst and, of his nine children, three of them, Frank, Walter and Angus, made at least some part of their living in golf course construction and maintenance and have spawned sons and grandchildren who’ve carried the golfing torch.

Frank Maples was Ross’s right-hand man in construction and course maintenance the first half of the 20th century. Angus helped construct Pine Needles in the late 1920s and later was course superintendent.

Angus’s son Palmer was a lifetime golf pro, spending nearly three decades at Benvenue Country Club in Rocky Mount, and two of his four children, Palmer Jr. and Willie, made their livings in golf.

Frank’s two sons were Ellis and Henson. Ellis designed some 70 courses throughout the region, most notably the Dogwood Course (with Willard Byrd) at the Country Club of North Carolina in Pinehurst and Grandfather Golf & Country Club in Linville, and Henson was course superintendent at Pinehurst for 30 years.

The brothers were both instrumental in the development of bent grass in the South. Ellis was the first to plant bent on greens in North Carolina east of the mountains (at Pine Brook Country Club in Winston-Salem), but his interests were more in design than turfgrass research, so Henson took the baton and further developed the research in Pinehurst.

Ellis’s four sons are Dan, the Pinehurst architect; and Joe, the retired head pro and superintendent for 33 years at Boone Golf Club, another Ellis creation; and David and Don, who worked in course construction in Dan’s company. Henson’s two sons are Gene and Wayne. Gene was long-time super at Pine Needles, following his uncle, and Wayne has worked at Pinehurst CC and later for Dan as superintendent of courses that Dan owned.

“Daddy was a super player, a super teacher,” says Dan, who designed Longleaf Golf & Family Club on Midland Road between Pinehurst and Southern Pines. “He once shot a 62 at Raleigh Country Club. He shot a 68 on No. 2 in 1930 back when it played long, when you were hitting woods and long-irons into greens. That’s why his golf courses were so good. He brought such a great all-around foundation in the game to his work.”

Pinehurst’s first four courses were designed by Ross, who had been dead for a decade in the late-1950s when Pinehurst management wanted to expand its golf offering on the west side of Highway 5. Maples built 18 new holes and melded them with the existing No. 3 course to produce a second course, which would be christened Pinehurst No. 5 in 1961. Maples also designed the two courses at the Country Club of Whispering Pines.

Dan was a young boy playing on the building sites for some if his father’s projects, and later his own son, Brad, would earn a degree in landscape architecture from N.C. State University and join Dan’s company, Maples Design.

“Four generations of Maples and more than a hundred years — I think that’s pretty cool,” Dan says.

Chapel Hill based writer Lee Pace has written about golf in the Sandhills since the late 1980s and has authored a dozen books about clubs, courses and the people who’d made it special over more than a century.